來源:中國日?qǐng)?bào)
2020-09-16 14:40:09
XIAOKANG@GRASSROOTS
導(dǎo)讀
北京作為中國的首都,融合了古老與現(xiàn)代的氣質(zhì),數(shù)千年來呈現(xiàn)出耀眼的魅力。隨著小康社會(huì)的發(fā)展,各個(gè)城區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村都涌現(xiàn)出不同特色。今天,就讓我們領(lǐng)略不一樣的北京。
從1949年開始,北京市的人均可支配收入節(jié)節(jié)攀升,用38年時(shí)間突破千元大關(guān),在此基礎(chǔ)上用14年時(shí)間跨越萬元臺(tái)階,之后用10年時(shí)間突破3萬元,5年時(shí)間超過5萬元。2019年全市人均可支配收入躍至6.7萬元。
農(nóng)村發(fā)展特色產(chǎn)業(yè)
密云區(qū)位于北京市東北部,是北京市面積最大的區(qū),擁有華北地區(qū)最大的人工湖——密云水庫。多年來,這里依靠優(yōu)越的自然環(huán)境促進(jìn)了養(yǎng)蜂和文旅產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展。
Miyun district, which is well-known for its good natural environment such as fresh air and clean water, has eyed developing businesses such as beekeeping and folk cultural tours in the countryside.
密云區(qū)是“北京市養(yǎng)蜂第一大區(qū)”,現(xiàn)有蜂農(nóng)2072戶,蜂群11.5萬群,占北京市蜂群總量的44%。這里有蜂業(yè)專業(yè)合作組織26個(gè),合作社社員1906戶,從業(yè)人員4000余人。
全區(qū)年均生產(chǎn)普通蜂蜜320萬公斤,蜂產(chǎn)品年產(chǎn)值近1.2億元。如此雄厚的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展實(shí)力,使得養(yǎng)蜂農(nóng)戶增收效果明顯。
Miyun has the largest beekeeping area in Beijing, with 2,072 bee farmers tending 115,000 colonies that account for 44 percent of the city's total, according to official data.
密云區(qū)的專職養(yǎng)蜂農(nóng)戶占總數(shù)的35%,太師屯鎮(zhèn)龍?zhí)稖洗宓?ldquo;蜂二代”田淑革就有著三十余年的養(yǎng)蜂經(jīng)驗(yàn)。她和丈夫在2004年加入合作社,家里的蜂箱也從最初的兩箱擴(kuò)大至四百箱。
每年夏天漫山遍野開放的荊條花,讓他們擁有固定的養(yǎng)蜂場地,不必在不同時(shí)節(jié)奔波千里“追花奪蜜”。花期過后,合作社收購全部蜂蜜,而兩口子也開始為來年的工作做準(zhǔn)備。
現(xiàn)年48歲的田大姐,靠養(yǎng)蜂賺到的年均毛利潤達(dá)30余萬元,不僅在密云城區(qū)買了樓房,還添置了兩輛車。
Tian Shuge, a local bee farmer in Longtangou village in Miyun, has been with the bee-raising industry for more than 30 years. She said she has made more money after joining the cooperative in the village.
"My annual income has been increasing in recent years and it is more than 300,000 yuan at present," Tian said.
除了養(yǎng)蜂產(chǎn)業(yè)外,密云區(qū)的民宿旅游事業(yè)發(fā)展也欣欣向榮。這里共有41家旅游景區(qū),民俗村50個(gè)。2019年實(shí)現(xiàn)旅游收入64.9億元。穆家峪鎮(zhèn)閣老峪村就是一個(gè)靠發(fā)展民宿產(chǎn)業(yè),使村民脫低致富的典型村落。
作為“水庫移民”的謝澤原本在城區(qū)里做廚師,村里發(fā)展民俗產(chǎn)業(yè)后,他在2014年回到村里開起了農(nóng)家樂餐廳。
Xie Ze, a local farmer who once worked as a chef outside of the town, has come back to Miyun and now runs a restaurant to provide catering for visitors.
對(duì)于現(xiàn)在的生活,謝澤表示很滿意:“餐廳一年服務(wù)2000多桌客人,純收入30-40萬元。”
"I can serve 2,000 tables a year and earn an annual income of 300,000-400,000 yuan," he said.
毗鄰密云區(qū)的平谷區(qū)是中國著名的大桃之鄉(xiāng)。大桃已經(jīng)成為一張靚麗的形象名片,是平谷十萬桃農(nóng)的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)來源。
平谷區(qū)有大桃面積22萬畝,200多個(gè)品種,供應(yīng)期從每年3月延續(xù)至11月。2019年,平谷大桃更是作為國慶禮桃,出現(xiàn)在國慶招待會(huì)上。
劉家店鎮(zhèn)寅洞村的桃農(nóng)胡殿文就是平谷區(qū)六位“國桃”種植戶之一。60歲的老胡作為平谷區(qū)首位“誠信之星”,信奉“好人種好桃”的原則。
他堅(jiān)持使用有機(jī)肥,2005年后更是在村里舉辦的各種培訓(xùn)中學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù),勤于實(shí)踐,在提高桃子質(zhì)量的同時(shí),也增加了收入。他的8畝桃園每年帶來12至15萬元的收益。
Hu Dianwen is one of the six farmers who grew "national peaches" in Pinggu district last year. These selected peaches were sent to celebrate the 70th birthday of the establishment of PRC last year.
Believing in "only good-hearted farmers can grow good-quality peaches", the 60-year-old farmer is the first to win the honorable title of "Honest Star" in the district.
過去只能把桃子賣給小商販的老胡,現(xiàn)在通過電商途徑把自家的優(yōu)質(zhì)大桃銷售至全國各地。不過最讓老胡自豪的是,他和老伴當(dāng)年靠桃園將一雙兒女送入了大學(xué)。
胡同里的特色小店
胡同是北京獨(dú)有的特色,記錄下了北京歷史的變遷,是獨(dú)具韻味的傳統(tǒng)文化載體。位于西城區(qū)大柵欄街道的楊梅竹斜街,因走向自東北向西南傾斜得名。2010年,大柵欄更新計(jì)劃啟動(dòng),楊梅竹斜街引入眾多文創(chuàng)小店。
The municipal government upgraded the street in 2010 by introducing cultural and creative industries, making it a cultural block.
這條500米長的胡同里有15家面積不足10平方米的商店和咖啡館,吸引了眾多年輕人來打卡。
On both sides of the 500-meter street, 15 small cultural shops, as well as some other boutique cafes, have attracted many young people. The floor space of each shop is usually less than 10 square meters.
疫情期間,這里的生意受到?jīng)_擊,但政府通過減免店鋪?zhàn)饨鸬姆绞綆椭〉甓冗^了難關(guān)。如今楊梅竹斜街的周末客流量已經(jīng)恢復(fù)至疫情之前。
北京非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)北京彩塑的代表性傳承人張忠強(qiáng)開辦的老北京兔兒爺小店就位列其中。已經(jīng)在這里開店7年的他在傳統(tǒng)兔兒爺?shù)男蜗笊咸砑恿爽F(xiàn)代元素,致力于將這個(gè)代表著健康平安的北京特有文化形象傳播到海內(nèi)外。
Zhang Zhongqiang, a traditional clay figurine artist who owns a shop on Yangmeizhuxiejie Street, has incorporated a modern rabbit motif into his clay figurines.
垃圾分類和改造轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站
東城區(qū)建國門街道趙家樓社區(qū)地處長安街沿線,卻有著多個(gè)老舊小區(qū)。2018年起,街道在胡同里老舊樓房集中的地區(qū)建起綠色生活驛站,推行垃圾分類試點(diǎn)。
Trash sorting has been implemented in an old building complex in Jianguomen community starting in 2018. Since then, residents could throw their household trash in garbage sorting stations.
每天早上7點(diǎn)至晚上7點(diǎn)(夏季至晚8點(diǎn)),驛站面向居民開放,專門的垃圾分類指導(dǎo)員就會(huì)在驛站指導(dǎo)居民分類回收廚余垃圾、其他垃圾、可回收物和有毒有害垃圾。
為了提高居民的積極性,街道向居民發(fā)放了垃圾分類積分卡,正確分類可以積累分值,利用積分兌換大米、食用油之類的生活物資作為獎(jiǎng)品。
居民中也涌現(xiàn)出王平阿姨這樣的“垃圾分類達(dá)人”。雖然腿腳不便,但王阿姨作為樓門長,早在2018年就成為垃圾分類實(shí)踐者,宣傳帶動(dòng)居民積極辦理積分卡,分享垃圾分類的好處。
在居民自覺做好垃圾分類工作的同時(shí),北京市環(huán)衛(wèi)集團(tuán)也完成了對(duì)三座大型垃圾轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站的改造工作,實(shí)現(xiàn)了由“鄰避”向“鄰利”的轉(zhuǎn)變。
In an effort to create a cleaner, prettier city, the Beijing municipal government has upgraded its waste treatment process as well as related construction projects and facilities to improve the local environment.
其中比較典型和成功的全密閉改造工程就是小武基轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站改造工程。這個(gè)始建于1997年的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站位于朝陽區(qū),轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力日均2000噸。
過去這里存在部分露天作業(yè)、車間未封閉、除臭設(shè)施不齊等情況。隨著周邊居民區(qū)的增多,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站的異味和噪聲問題不斷被投訴。
居民馬進(jìn)就住在距離轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站圍墻最近距離僅25米的樓里。他說以前大家一直不敢開窗,因?yàn)楫?dāng)年這里不僅噪音大,而且異味非常刺鼻。冬天的時(shí)候他在家里還能忍受,但是到了夏天,特別是陰天,就會(huì)感覺一直在廁所里沒出去過。居民們也一直向相關(guān)單位反映這個(gè)問題。
Ma Jin, who lives near Xiaowuji refuse transfer station, said he used to suffer from the noise caused by garbage trucks traveling to and from the station as well as bad smells.
2017年環(huán)衛(wèi)集團(tuán)改造了轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)站,解決了異味和噪聲問題,還為社區(qū)提供保潔和清運(yùn)垃圾服務(wù),讓他感到很滿意。
After upgrades were made at the Xiaowuji station in 2017, "the noise and smell both disappeared," he said. "The best thing is that the station has provided cleaning services for all the streets nearby. Thus, we have a much better environment."
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